CodeClass4 < SCMP118/Fall2016

Tags: %TAGME{ tpaction="" web="SCMP118/Fall2016" tag="" }% view all tags
---+++ Files

---+++ Simple File Input/Output
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 6.1 Simple File Input/Output
//Reads three numbers from the file infile.dat, sums the numbers,
//and writes the sum to the file outfile.dat.
//(A better version of this program will be given in Display 6.2.)
#include <fstream>

int main( )
{
    using namespace std;
    ifstream in_stream;
    ofstream out_stream;

    in_stream.open("infile.dat");
    out_stream.open("outfile.dat");

    int first, second, third;
    in_stream >> first >> second >> third;
    out_stream << "The sum of the first 3\n"
               << "numbers in infile.dat\n"
               << "is " << (first + second + third)
               << endl;

    in_stream.close( );
    out_stream.close( );

    return 0;
}
 %ENDCODE%</sticky>

   * [[%ATTACHURL%/infile.dat][infile.dat]]: infile.dat

---+++ File I/O with Checks on open
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 6.2 File I/O with Checks on open
//Reads three numbers from the file infile.dat, sums the numbers,
//and writes the sum to the file outfile.dat. 
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

int main( )
{
    using namespace std;
    ifstream in_stream;
    ofstream out_stream;

    in_stream.open("infile.dat");
    if (in_stream.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Input file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    out_stream.open("outfile.dat");
    if (out_stream.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Output file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    int first, second, third;
    in_stream >> first >> second >> third;
    out_stream << "The sum of the first 3\n"
               << "numbers in infile.dat\n"
               << "is " << (first + second + third)
               << endl;

    in_stream.close( );
    out_stream.close( );

    return 0;
}
 %ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ Appending to a File
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 6.3 Appending to a File
//Appends data to the end of the file data.txt.
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>

int main( )
{
    using namespace std;

    cout << "Opening data.txt for appending.\n";
    ofstream fout;
    fout.open("data.txt", ios::app);
    if (fout.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Input file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    fout << "5 6 pick up sticks.\n"
         << "7 8 ain't C++ great!\n";

    fout.close( );
    cout << "End of appending to file.\n";
 
   return 0;
}


 %ENDCODE%</sticky>

   * [[%ATTACHURL%/data.txt][data.txt]]: data.txt

---+++ Inputting a File Name
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 6.4 Inputting a File Name
//Reads three numbers from the file specified by the user, sums the numbers,
//and writes the sum to another file specified by the user. 
#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>

int main( )
{
    using namespace std;
    char in_file_name[16], out_file_name[16];
    ifstream in_stream;
    ofstream out_stream;

    cout << "I will sum three numbers taken from an input\n"
         << "file and write the sum to an output file.\n";
    cout << "Enter the input file name (maximum of 15 characters):\n";
    cin >> in_file_name;
    cout << "Enter the output file name (maximum of 15 characters):\n";
    cin >> out_file_name;
    cout << "I will read numbers from the file "
         << in_file_name << " and\n"
         << "place the sum in the file "
         << out_file_name << endl;

    in_stream.open(in_file_name);
    if (in_stream.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Input file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    out_stream.open(out_file_name);
    if (out_stream.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Output file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    int first, second, third;
    in_stream >> first >> second >> third;
    out_stream << "The sum of the first 3\n"
               << "numbers in " << in_file_name << endl
               << "is " << (first + second + third)
               << endl;
    in_stream.close( );
    out_stream.close( );

    cout << "End of Program.\n";
    return 0;
}


 %ENDCODE%</sticky>

   * [[%ATTACHURL%/numbers.dat][numbers.dat]]: numbers.dat
---+++ Formatting Output
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 6.6 Formatting Output 
//Illustrates output formatting instructions.
//Reads all the numbers in the file rawdata.dat and writes the numbers
//to the screen and to the file neat.dat in a neatly formatted way.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iomanip>
using namespace std;

void make_neat(ifstream& messy_file, ofstream& neat_file,
             int number_after_decimalpoint, int field_width);
//Precondition: The streams messy_file and neat_file have been connected
//to files using the function open.
//Postcondition: The numbers in the file connected to messy_file have been
//written to the screen and to the file connected to the stream neat_file. 
//The numbers are written one per line, in fixed-point notation (that is, not in 
//e-notation), with number_after_decimalpoint digits after the decimal point; 
//each number is preceded by a plus or minus sign and each number is in a field 
//of width field_width. (This function does not close the file.)

int main( )
{
    ifstream fin;
    ofstream fout;

    fin.open("rawdata.dat");
    if (fin.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Input file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    fout.open("neat.dat");
    if (fout.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Output file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
 
    make_neat(fin, fout, 5, 12);

    fin.close( );
    fout.close( );

    cout << "End of program.\n";
    return 0;
}
//Uses iostream, fstream, and iomanip:
void make_neat(ifstream& messy_file, ofstream& neat_file,
              int number_after_decimalpoint, int field_width)
{
    neat_file.setf(ios::fixed);
    neat_file.setf(ios::showpoint);
    neat_file.setf(ios::showpos);
    neat_file.precision(number_after_decimalpoint);
    cout.setf(ios::fixed);
    cout.setf(ios::showpoint);
    cout.setf(ios::showpos);
    cout.precision(number_after_decimalpoint);

    double next;
    while (messy_file >> next)
    {
        cout << setw(field_width) << next << endl;
        neat_file << setw(field_width) << next << endl;
    }
}


 %ENDCODE%</sticky>

   * [[%ATTACHURL%/rawdata.dat][rawdata.dat]]: rawdata.dat

---+++ Checking Input
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 6.7 Checking Input
//Program to demonstrate the functions new_line and get_input.
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

void new_line( );
//Discards all the input remaining on the current input line.
//Also discards the '\n' at the end of the line.
//This version works only for input from the keyboard.

void get_int(int& number);
//Postcondition: The variable number has been
//given a value that the user approves of.


int main( )
{
    int n;

    get_int(n);
    cout << "Final value read in = " << n << endl
         << "End of demonstration.\n";
    return 0;
}


//Uses iostream:
void new_line( )
{
    char symbol;
    do
    {
        cin.get(symbol);
    } while (symbol != '\n');
}
//Uses iostream:
void get_int(int& number)
{
    char ans;
    do
    {
        cout << "Enter input number: ";
        cin >> number;
        cout << "You entered " << number
             << " Is that correct? (yes/no): ";
        cin >> ans;
        new_line( );
    } while ((ans != 'Y') && (ans != 'y'));
}

 %ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ Editing a File of Text
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 6.8 Editing a File of Text 
//Program to create a file called cplusad.dat that is identical to the file
//cad.dat, except that all occurrences of 'C' are replaced by "C++".
//Assumes that the uppercase letter 'C' does not occur in cad.dat except
//as the name of the C programming language.

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

void add_plus_plus(ifstream& in_stream, ofstream& out_stream);
//Precondition: in_stream has been connected to an input file with open.
//out_stream has been connected to an output file with open.
//Postcondition: The contents of the file connected to in_stream have been
//copied into the file connected to out_stream, but with each 'C' replaced
//by "C++". (The files are not closed by this function.)

int main( )
{
    ifstream fin;
    ofstream fout;

    cout << "Begin editing files.\n";

    fin.open("cad.dat");
    if (fin.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Input file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    fout.open("cplusad.dat");
    if (fout.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Output file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    add_plus_plus(fin, fout);
    fin.close( );
    fout.close( );

    cout << "End of editing files.\n";
    return 0;
}

void add_plus_plus(ifstream& in_stream, ofstream& out_stream)
{
    char next;
    in_stream.get(next);
    while (! in_stream.eof( ))
    {
        if (next == 'C')
            out_stream << "C++";
        else
            out_stream << next;

        in_stream.get(next);
    }
}

 %ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ File Example reverse lines
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%

#include <fstream>
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <vector>

int main( )
{
    using namespace std;
    ifstream in_stream;
    ofstream out_stream;

    in_stream.open("infile.dat");
    if (in_stream.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Input file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    out_stream.open("outfile.dat");
    if (out_stream.fail( ))
    {
        cout << "Output file opening failed.\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    vector<string> strings;
    string s;
    getline(in_stream,s);
    while (!in_stream.eof()) {
        strings.push_back(s);
        getline(in_stream,s);
    }

    for (int k = strings.size()-1 ; k >= 0 ; k-- ) {
        out_stream << strings.at(k) << endl;
    }

    in_stream.close( );
    out_stream.close( );

    return 0;
}
 %ENDCODE%</sticky>


---+++ Classes
---+++ Equality Function
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 11.1 Equality Function
//Program to demonstrate the function equal. 
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

class DayOfYear
{
public:
    DayOfYear(int the_month, int the_day);
    //Precondition: the_month and the_day form a
    //possible date. Initializes the date according
    //to the arguments.

    DayOfYear( );
    //Initializes the date to January first.

    void input( );

    void output( );

    int get_month( );
    //Returns the month, 1 for January, 2 for February, etc.

    int get_day( );
    //Returns the day of the month.
private:
    void check_date( );
    int month;
    int day;
};

bool equal(DayOfYear date1, DayOfYear date2);
//Precondition: date1 and date2 have values.
//Returns true if date1 and date2 represent the same date;
//otherwise, returns false.

int main( )
{
    DayOfYear today, bach_birthday(3, 21);

    cout << "Enter today's date:\n";
    today.input( );
    cout << "Today's date is ";
    today.output( );

    cout << "J. S. Bach's birthday is ";
    bach_birthday.output( );


if ( equal(today, bach_birthday))
        cout << "Happy Birthday Johann Sebastian!\n";
    else
        cout << "Happy Unbirthday Johann Sebastian!\n";
    return 0;
}

bool equal(DayOfYear date1, DayOfYear date2)
{
     return ( date1.get_month( ) == date2.get_month( ) &&
                date1.get_day( ) == date2.get_day( ) );
}

DayOfYear::DayOfYear()
{
    month = 1;
    day = 1;
}

DayOfYear::DayOfYear(int the_month, int the_day)
                  : month(the_month), day(the_day)
{
    check_date();
}

void DayOfYear::check_date( )
{
 if ((month < 1) || (month > 12) || (day < 1) || (day > 31))
 {
 cout << "Illegal date. Aborting program.\n";
 exit(1);
 }
}

int DayOfYear::get_month( )
{
    return month;
}

int DayOfYear::get_day( )
{
    return day;
}

//Uses iostream:
void DayOfYear::input( )
{
    cout << "Enter the month as a number: ";
    cin >> month;
    cout << "Enter the day of the month: ";
    cin >> day;
}

//Uses iostream:
void DayOfYear::output( )
{
    cout << "month = " << month
         << ", day = " << day << endl;
}

%ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ Money ClassVersion 1
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 11.3 Money ClassVersion 1
//Program to demonstrate the class Money.
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

//Class for amounts of money in U.S. currency.
class Money
{
public:
    friend Money add(Money amount1, Money amount2);
    //Precondition: amount1 and amount2 have been given values.
    //Returns the sum of the values of amount1 and amount2.

    friend bool equal(Money amount1, Money amount2);
    //Precondition: amount1 and amount2 have been given values.
    //Returns true if the amount1 and amount2 have the same value;
    //otherwise, returns false.

    Money(long dollars, int cents);
    //Initializes the object so its value represents an amount with the
    //dollars and cents given by the arguments. If the amount is negative,
    //then both dollars and cents must be negative.

    Money(long dollars);
    //Initializes the object so its value represents $dollars.00.

    Money( );
    //Initializes the object so its value represents $0.00.
Money ClassVersion 1
    double get_value( );
    //Precondition: The calling object has been given a value.
    //Returns the amount of money recorded in the data of the calling object.

    void input(istream& ins);
    //Precondition: If ins is a file input stream, then ins has already been
    //connected to a file. An amount of money, including a dollar sign, has been
    //entered in the input stream ins. Notation for negative amounts is -$100.00.
    //Postcondition: The value of the calling object has been set to
    //the amount of money read from the input stream ins.
    void output(ostream& outs);
    //Precondition: If outs is a file output stream, then outs has already been
    //connected to a file.
    //Postcondition: A dollar sign and the amount of money recorded
    //in the calling object have been sent to the output stream outs.
private:
    long all_cents;
};



int digit_to_int(char c);
//Function declaration for function used in the definition of Money::input:
//Precondition: c is one of the digits '0' through '9'.
//Returns the integer for the digit; for example, digit_to_int('3') returns 3.

int main( )
{
    Money your_amount, my_amount(10, 9), our_amount;
    cout << "Enter an amount of money: ";
    your_amount.input(cin);
    cout << "Your amount is ";
    your_amount.output(cout);
    cout << endl;
    cout << "My amount is ";
    my_amount.output(cout);
    cout << endl;

    if (equal(your_amount, my_amount))
        cout << "We have the same amounts.\n";
    else
        cout << "One of us is richer.\n";
    our_amount = add(your_amount, my_amount);
    your_amount.output(cout);
    cout << " + ";
    my_amount.output(cout);
    cout << " equals ";
    our_amount.output(cout);
    cout << endl;
    return 0;
}
Money add(Money amount1, Money amount2)
{
    Money temp;

    temp.all_cents = amount1.all_cents + amount2.all_cents;
    return temp;
}

bool equal(Money amount1, Money amount2)
{
    return (amount1.all_cents == amount2.all_cents);
}

Money::Money(long dollars, int cents)
{
    if(dollars*cents < 0) //If one is negative and one is positive


{
        cout << "Illegal values for dollars and cents.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    all_cents = dollars*100 + cents;
}

Money::Money(long dollars) : all_cents(dollars*100)
{
    //Body intentionally blank.
}

Money::Money( ) : all_cents(0)
{
    //Body intentionally blank.
}

double Money::get_value( )
{
    return (all_cents * 0.01);
}
//Uses iostream, cctype, cstdlib:
void Money::input(istream& ins)
{
    char one_char, decimal_point,
         digit1, digit2; //digits for the amount of cents
    long dollars;
    int cents;
    bool negative;//set to true if input is negative.

    ins >> one_char;
    if (one_char == '-')
    {
        negative = true;
        ins >> one_char; //read '$'
    }
    else
        negative = false;
    //if input is legal, then one_char == '$'

    ins >> dollars >> decimal_point >> digit1 >> digit2;

    if ( one_char != '$' || decimal_point != '.'
         || !isdigit(digit1) || !isdigit(digit2) )


    {
        cout << "Error illegal form for money input\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    cents = digit_to_int(digit1)*10 + digit_to_int(digit2);

    all_cents = dollars*100 + cents;
    if (negative)
        all_cents = -all_cents;
}

//Uses cstdlib and iostream:
void Money::output(ostream& outs)
{
    long positive_cents, dollars, cents;
    positive_cents = labs(all_cents);
    dollars = positive_cents/100;
    cents = positive_cents%100;

    if (all_cents < 0)
        outs << "-$" << dollars << '.';
    else
        outs << "$" << dollars << '.';

    if (cents < 10)
        outs << '0';
    outs << cents;
}

int digit_to_int(char c)
{
    return (static_cast<int>(c) - static_cast<int>('0') );
}

%ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ The Class Money with Constant Parameters
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 11.4 The Class Money with Constant Parameters 
//Class for amounts of money in U.S. currency.
class Money
{
public:
    friend Money add(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);
    //Precondition: amount1 and amount2 have been given values.
    //Returns the sum of the values of amount1 and amount2.
friend bool equal(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);
    //Precondition: amount1 and amount2 have been given values.
    //Returns true if amount1 and amount2 have the same value; 
    //otherwise, returns false.

    Money(long dollars, int cents);
    //Initializes the object so its value represents an amount with the
    //dollars and cents given by the arguments. If the amount is negative,
    //then both dollars and cents must be negative.

    Money(long dollars);
    //Initializes the object so its value represents $dollars.00.

    Money( );
    //Initializes the object so its value represents $0.00.

    double get_value( ) const;
    //Precondition: The calling object has been given a value.
    //Returns the amount of money recorded in the data of the calling object.

    void input(istream& ins);
    //Precondition: If ins is a file input stream, then ins has already been
    //connected to a file. An amount of money, including a dollar sign, has been
    //entered in the input stream ins. Notation for negative amounts is -$100.00.
    //Postcondition: The value of the calling object has been set to
    //the amount of money read from the input stream ins.

    void output(ostream& outs) const;
    //Precondition: If outs is a file output stream, then outs has already been 
    //connected to a file.
    //Postcondition: A dollar sign and the amount of money recorded
    //in the calling object have been sent to the output stream outs.
private:
    long all_cents;
};
%ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ Overloading Operators
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 11.5 Overloading Operators
//Program to demonstrate the class Money. (This is an improved version of
//the class Money that we gave in Display 11.3 and rewrote in Display 11.4.)
#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

//Class for amounts of money in U.S. currency.
class Money
{
public:
    friend Money operator +(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);
    //Precondition: amount1 and amount2 have been given values.
    //Returns the sum of the values of amount1 and amount2.

    friend bool operator ==(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);
    //Precondition: amount1 and amount2 have been given values.
    //Returns true if amount1 and amount2 have the same value;
    //otherwise, returns false.

    Money(long dollars, int cents);

    Money(long dollars);

    Money( );

    double get_value( ) const;

    void input(istream& ins);

    void output(ostream& outs) const;
private:
    long all_cents;
};

int digit_to_int(char c);

int main( )
{
    Money cost(1, 50), tax(0, 15), total;
    total = cost + tax;

    cout << "cost = ";
    cost.output(cout);
    cout << endl;


cout << "tax = ";
    tax.output(cout);
    cout << endl;
    cout << "total bill = ";
    total.output(cout);
    cout << endl;
    if (cost == tax)
        cout << "Move to another state.\n";
    else
        cout << "Things seem normal.\n";
    return 0;
}

Money operator +(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2)
{
    Money temp;
    temp.all_cents = amount1.all_cents + amount2.all_cents;
    return temp;
}

bool operator ==(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2)
{
    return (amount1.all_cents == amount2.all_cents);
}


     //The definitions of the member functions are the same as in
//Display 11.3 except that const is added to the function headings
//in various places so that the function headings match the function
//declarations in the preceding class definition. No other changes
//are needed in the member function definitions. The bodies of the
//member function definitions are identical to those in Display 11.3.

Money::Money(long dollars, int cents)
{
    if(dollars*cents < 0) //If one is negative and one is positive


{
        cout << "Illegal values for dollars and cents.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    all_cents = dollars*100 + cents;
}

Money::Money(long dollars) : all_cents(dollars*100)
{
    //Body intentionally blank.
}

Money::Money( ) : all_cents(0)
{
    //Body intentionally blank.
}

double Money::get_value( ) const
{
    return (all_cents * 0.01);
}
//Uses iostream, cctype, cstdlib:
void Money::input(istream& ins)
{
    char one_char, decimal_point,
         digit1, digit2; //digits for the amount of cents
    long dollars;
    int cents;
    bool negative;//set to true if input is negative.

    ins >> one_char;
    if (one_char == '-')
    {
        negative = true;
        ins >> one_char; //read '$'
    }
    else
        negative = false;
    //if input is legal, then one_char == '$'

    ins >> dollars >> decimal_point >> digit1 >> digit2;

    if ( one_char != '$' || decimal_point != '.'
         || !isdigit(digit1) || !isdigit(digit2) )


    {
        cout << "Error illegal form for money input\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    cents = digit_to_int(digit1)*10 + digit_to_int(digit2);

    all_cents = dollars*100 + cents;
    if (negative)
        all_cents = -all_cents;
}

//Uses cstdlib and iostream:
void Money::output(ostream& outs) const
{
    long positive_cents, dollars, cents;
    positive_cents = labs(all_cents);
    dollars = positive_cents/100;
    cents = positive_cents%100;

    if (all_cents < 0)
        outs << "-$" << dollars << '.';
    else
        outs << "$" << dollars << '.';

    if (cents < 10)
        outs << '0';
    outs << cents;
}

int digit_to_int(char c)
{
    return (static_cast<int>(c) - static_cast<int>('0') );
}

%ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ Overloading &lt;&lt; and &gt;&gt;
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 11.8 Overloading << and >>
//Program to demonstrate the class Money.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cctype>
using namespace std;

//Class for amounts of money in U.S. currency.
class Money
{
public:
    friend Money operator +(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);

    friend Money operator -(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);

    friend Money operator -(const Money& amount);

    friend bool operator ==(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);

    friend bool operator < (const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2);
    //Returns true if amount1 is less than amount2; false otherwise.


    Money(long dollars, int cents);

    Money(long dollars);

    Money( );

    double get_value( ) const;

    friend istream& operator >>(istream& ins, Money& amount);
    //Overloads the >> operator so it can be used to input values of type Money.
    //Notation for inputting negative amounts is as in -$100.00.
    //Precondition: If ins is a file input stream, then ins has already been
    //connected to a file.

    friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, const Money& amount);
    //Overloads the << operator so it can be used to output values of type Money.
    //Precedes each output value of type Money with a dollar sign.
    //Precondition: If outs is a file output stream,
    //then outs has already been connected to a file.
private:
    long all_cents;
};
int digit_to_int(char c);
//Used in the definition of the overloaded input operator >>.
//Precondition: c is one of the digits '0' through '9'.
//Returns the integer for the digit; for example, digit_to_int('3') returns 3.

int main( )
{
    Money amount1, amount2;

    cout << "input first amount:";
    cin >> amount1;
    cout << "input second amount:";
    cin >> amount2;

    cout << "You entered " << amount1 << " and " << amount2 << endl;
    cout << "Negated " << -amount1 << " and " << -amount2 << endl;
    cout << "Sum " << amount1 + amount2 << endl;
    cout << "Difference " << amount1 - amount2 << endl;

    if (amount1 < amount2) {
        cout << amount1 << " < " << amount2;
    } else if (amount2 < amount1) {
        cout << amount1 << " > " << amount2;
    } else {
        cout << amount1 << " = " << amount2;
    }
    cout << endl;

    return 0;
}

Money operator +(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2)
{
    Money temp;
    temp.all_cents = amount1.all_cents + amount2.all_cents;
    return temp;
}

bool operator ==(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2)
{
    return (amount1.all_cents == amount2.all_cents);
}

Money operator -(const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2)
{
    Money temp;
    temp.all_cents = amount1.all_cents - amount2.all_cents;
    return temp;
}

Money operator -(const Money& amount)
{
    Money temp;
    temp.all_cents = -amount.all_cents;
    return temp;
}

bool operator < (const Money& amount1, const Money& amount2){
    return amount1.all_cents < amount2.all_cents;
}

//Uses iostream, cctype, cstdlib:
istream& operator >>(istream& ins, Money& amount)
{
    char one_char, decimal_point,
         digit1, digit2; //digits for the amount of cents
    long dollars;
    int cents;
    bool negative;//set to true if input is negative.

    ins >> one_char;
    if (one_char == '-')
    {
        negative = true;
        ins >> one_char; //read '$'
    }
    else
        negative = false;
    //if input is legal, then one_char == '$'

    ins >> dollars >> decimal_point >> digit1 >> digit2;

    if ( one_char != '$' || decimal_point != '.'
            || !isdigit(digit1) || !isdigit(digit2) )
    {
        cout << "Error illegal form for money input\n";
        exit(1);
    }

    cents = digit_to_int(digit1)*10 + digit_to_int(digit2);

    amount.all_cents = dollars*100 + cents;
    if (negative)
        amount.all_cents = -amount.all_cents;


    return ins;
}

int digit_to_int(char c)
{
    return ( static_cast<int>(c) - static_cast<int>('0') );
}

//Uses cstdlib and iostream:
ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, const Money& amount)
{
    long positive_cents, dollars, cents;
    positive_cents = labs(amount.all_cents);
    dollars = positive_cents/100;
    cents = positive_cents%100;

    if (amount.all_cents < 0)
        outs << "-$" << dollars << '.';
    else
        outs << "$" << dollars << '.';

    if (cents < 10)
        outs << '0';
    outs << cents;

    return outs;
}

Money::Money(long dollars, int cents)
{
    if(dollars*cents < 0) //If one is negative and one is positive


    {
        cout << "Illegal values for dollars and cents.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    all_cents = dollars*100 + cents;
}

Money::Money(long dollars) : all_cents(dollars*100)
{
    //Body intentionally blank.
}

Money::Money( ) : all_cents(0)
{
    //Body intentionally blank.
}

%ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ Program for a Class with an Array Member
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%
//DISPLAY 11.10 Program for a Class with an Array Member
//This is the definition for a class TemperatureList.
//Values of this type are lists of Fahrenheit temperatures.

#include <iostream>
#include <cstdlib>
using namespace std;

const int MAX_LIST_SIZE = 50;

class TemperatureList
{
public:
    TemperatureList( );
    //Initializes the object to an empty list.

    void add_temperature(double temperature);
    //Precondition: The list is not full.
    //Postcondition: The temperature has been added to the list.

    bool full( ) const;
    //Returns true if the list is full; false otherwise.

    friend ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs,
            const TemperatureList& the_object);
    //Overloads the << operator so it can be used to output values of
    //type TemperatureList. Temperatures are output one per line.
    //Precondition: If outs is a file output stream, then outs
    //has already been connected to a file.

private:
    double list[MAX_LIST_SIZE]; //of temperatures in Fahrenheit
    int size; //number of array positions filled
};


int  main()
{
    TemperatureList temps;

    cout << "Enter Temperatures, temperature less then -500.0 when done." << endl;
    double temp = 0;
    do
    {
        cout << "Next Temp: ";
        cin >> temp;
        if (temp > -500.0)
        {
            temps.add_temperature(temp);
        }

    }
    while (!temps.full() && temp > -500.0);

    cout << "You entered:" << temps;
}

//This is the implementation for the class TemperatureList.

TemperatureList::TemperatureList( ) : size(0)
{
    //Body intentionally empty.
}

void TemperatureList::add_temperature(double temperature)
{
    //Uses iostream and cstdlib:
    if ( full( ) )
    {
        cout << "Error: adding to a full list.\n";
        exit(1);
    }
    else
    {
        list[size] = temperature;
        size = size + 1;
    }
}
bool TemperatureList::full( ) const
{
    return (size == MAX_LIST_SIZE);
}
//Uses iostream:
ostream& operator <<(ostream& outs, const TemperatureList& the_object)
{
    for (int i = 0; i < the_object.size; i++)
        outs << the_object.list[i] << " F\n";
    return outs;
}

%ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ 
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%

%ENDCODE%</sticky>

---+++ 
<sticky>
%CODE{"c++"}%

%ENDCODE%</sticky>
Topic revision: r2 - 2017-04-25 - JimSkon